Beyond Accuracy: Robustness, Interpretability and Expressiveness of EEG Foundation Models
Quick summary
arXiv:2605.17562v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: EEG foundation models (EEG-FMs) have been evaluated predominantly on clean, in-distribution accuracy, demonstrating modest gains over supervised baselines and weak frozen representations. This study examines whether these conclusions hold beyond clean accuracy by evaluating six EEG-FMs and a supervised baseline across ten datasets along three layers of analysis: (i) Robustness: we apply test-time perturbations including additive noise, random and region-based channel dropout and region-specific noise injection. Our analyses show that no
Key takeaways
- arXiv:2605.17562v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: EEG foundation models (EEG-FMs) have been evaluated predominantly on clean, in-distribution accuracy, demonstrating modest gains over supervised baselines and weak frozen representations.
- This study examines whether these conclusions hold beyond clean accuracy by evaluating six EEG-FMs and a supervised baseline across ten datasets along three layers of analysis: (i) Robustness: we apply test-time perturbations including additive noise, random and region-based channel dropout and region-specific noise injection.
Why it matters
The value of this work lies as much in how it was tested as in the claim itself. Sample design, baselines, uncertainty and replication help separate a laboratory result from real-world impact.

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