Extending SMT Solving with Non-Ground Clause Learning
Quick summary
arXiv:2609.11509v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quantifier instantiation is currently the main approach to non-ground SMT solving: solvers generate ground instances and solve the resulting ground SMT problems with CDCL(T)-style reasoning. When a conflict is found, conflict analysis learns only a ground clause, even though the conflict comes from instances of non-ground clauses. Yet non-ground reasoning can give exponentially shorter proofs than purely ground reasoning. We propose a calculus that consists of ground instantiations, CDCL(T)-style rules, and non-ground conflict analysis. The solve
Key takeaways
- arXiv:2609.11509v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quantifier instantiation is currently the main approach to non-ground SMT solving: solvers generate ground instances and solve the resulting ground SMT problems with CDCL(T)-style reasoning.
- When a conflict is found, conflict analysis learns only a ground clause, even though the conflict comes from instances of non-ground clauses.
- Yet non-ground reasoning can give exponentially shorter proofs than purely ground reasoning.
Why it matters
This model development creates a new option for users and a new testing obligation for developers. A fixed evaluation set comparing quality, cost and failure behavior is more useful than launch claims.

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