T1: Terminal Agent Reinforcement Learning for Long-Horizon Tasks
Quick summary
arXiv:2609.11042v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Agent usage is shifting toward long-horizon tasks such as coding and scientific discovery, among which terminal tasks are especially important. We introduce T1, a Mixture-of-Experts model of 122B total trained with reinforcement learning, operating a real shell in a cloud sandbox for up to 300+ tool-call turns per task, rewarded by executing each task's own verifier. We provide a comprehensive recipe: First, an aggressively warm-started to stabilize actor-critic training, with a dense process reward scoring trajectories by the absolute number o
Key takeaways
- arXiv:2609.11042v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Agent usage is shifting toward long-horizon tasks such as coding and scientific discovery, among which terminal tasks are especially important.
- We introduce T1, a Mixture-of-Experts model of 122B total trained with reinforcement learning, operating a real shell in a cloud sandbox for up to 300+ tool-call turns per task, rewarded by executing each task's own verifier.
- We provide a comprehensive recipe: First, an aggressively warm-started to stabilize actor-critic training, with a dense process reward scoring trajectories by the absolute number o
Why it matters
“T1: Terminal Agent Reinforcement Learning for Long-Horizon Tasks” shows why AI risk cannot be reduced to answer accuracy. Access controls, logging, human approval and incident response need to be designed into the workflow from the start.

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