Untrainable elements determine what physical learning remembers
Quick summary
arXiv:2608.00097v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Physical learning rules such as equilibrium propagation (EP), coupled learning (CL), and adjoint coupled learning (AL) train resistive networks through local measurements. The learned function is decided by where on the solution manifold training lands. Two properties could decide it, and they have not been separated: the circuit's invariance under rescaling every conductance, and the rule's conservation of the mass K = (1/2) sum_e kappa_e^2. We separate them. When every element is trainable, all three vector fields are homogeneous in t
Key takeaways
- arXiv:2608.00097v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Physical learning rules such as equilibrium propagation (EP), coupled learning (CL), and adjoint coupled learning (AL) train resistive networks through local measurements.
- The learned function is decided by where on the solution manifold training lands.
- Two properties could decide it, and they have not been separated: the circuit's invariance under rescaling every conductance, and the rule's conservation of the mass K = (1/2) sum_e kappa_e^2.
Why it matters
The importance of “Untrainable elements determine what physical learning remembers” will be measured by what changes in practice. User behavior, access conditions, verifiable performance and responsible-use outcomes are the signals worth following.

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